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Beyond Reality: The Surrealist Revolution

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    Introduction Surrealism is a cultural and artistic movement that began in the early 1920s, led by poet André Breton . Rooted in the ideas of psychoanalysis, it sought to unlock the unconscious mind and merge dreamlike imagery with reality. Surrealist artists like Salvador Dalí , René Magritte , and Max Ernst created works that challenged logic, using techniques such as automatism, collage, and unexpected juxtapositions. More than just an art style, Surrealism influenced literature, film, and philosophy, leaving a lasting mark on modern culture. Authoritative Definitions  Surrealism was a movement in visual art and literature that flourished in Europe between World Wars I and II . It represented a reaction against the rationalism that had guided European culture and politics, which Surrealists believed had culminated in the horrors of World War I. Surrealism is described as an art movement that sought to unlock the hidden depths of the human mind. Emerging in the ear...

“Loss, Lakes, and Lines: The Making of William Wordsworth”

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William Wordsworth   (1770 - 1850) “In the Shadow of Grief, Under the Light of Nature: Wordsworth’s Beginnings” Introduction : William Wordsworth, born in 1770 in the scenic Lake District of England , was a pioneering figure of the Romantic movement in poetry. Deeply inspired by nature, he believed that the natural world held profound spiritual and emotional truths. His early life, marked by personal loss and solitude, shaped his introspective and heartfelt verse. Wordsworth’s collaboration with Samuel Taylor Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads revolutionized English literature by celebrating ordinary life and emotional sincerity. Through works like Tintern Abbey and The Prelude , he gave voice to the soul’s quiet reflections and the beauty of the everyday. His legacy endures as a poet who found the divine in the simple and the sublime in the natural. Early life & education : Born on 7 April 1770 in the market town of Cockermouth , nestled in the rugged beauty of Cumberland, Engl...

“A Town of Brick and Ash: Dickens’s Vision of Industrial England”

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Hello my dear readers , welcome back again in my little world of literature , myself Akshara Vaja. I am from the P. G. Department of English from Maharanishree Nandkunvarba Arts & Commerce college , Bhavnagar.  Charles dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer, and social critic. He rose from a difficult childhood—working in a boot-blacking factory at age 12 when his father was imprisoned for debt—to become a literary superstar whose works were read across all social classes. Dickens pioneered the serial publication of novels, releasing them in monthly or weekly parts, which kept readers eagerly awaiting the next installment. His writing combined vivid characters, sharp social commentary, humor, and pathos, often highlighting the struggles of the poor and critiquing societal injustices.   Major Works : Here are some of his most notable novels and novellas: Year Title Notes 1836–...

Victorian Visions : Industry , Empire & Identity

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The Victorian Age  1830 - 90 Class Assignment: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND  1. An Era of Peace The Victorian Age (1837–1901), during Queen Victoria’s reign, is often called an era of peace and stability compared to earlier centuries. There were no major internal wars in England, unlike the Civil War of the 17th century or the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century. Although Britain was involved in foreign conflicts (like the Crimean War and colonial wars), the home front remained largely peaceful. The political situation was more stable because of the gradual reforms: The Reform Acts extended voting rights. Growth of parliamentary democracy reduced revolutionary pressures that many other European nations faced. This peace created a sense of security and progress, giving Victorians confidence in their nation’s destiny. 2. Material Development The period was marked by massive industrial growth and economic progress. Industrial Revolution :  Factories, railways...